HowTo DHCP your Linux machine

Dear IsmailiaLUG members,

Secondly this article is about the DHCP server

Sure first you should to have the DHCP server in your Linux box
If you don't have it ,Use yum command to get it from the repository
other wise Download the source code ,extract it and then use ./configure ,make and make install
Or you simply download rpm from http://freshrpms.net/ or http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/

First i'l like to give you a background about What is DHCP SERVER
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration information subnetmask, broadcast address, GateWay etc to computers on a network
A DHCP client send a broadcast request to the DHCP server requesting an address

DHCP assignment:

1. Lease Request: Client broadcasts request to DHCP server with a source address of 0.0.0.0 and a destination address of 255.255.255.255. The request includes the MAC address which is used to direct the reply.
2. IP lease offer: DHCP server replies with an IP address, subnet mask, network gateway, name of the domain, name servers, duration of the lease and the IP address of the DHCP server.
3. Lease Selection: Client receives offer and broadcasts to al DHCP servers that will accept given offer so that other DHCP server need not make an offer.
4. The DHCP server then sends an ack to the client. The client is configured to use TCP/IP.
5. Lease Renewal: When half of the lease time has expired, the client will issue a new request to the DHCP server.

Note:
You should to be root to configure and run DHCP server
You Should to have this information
Ethernet ID (eth0 ,eth1,eth2,etc)
IP address ( Server Ip address that connected to the LAN )
Ethernet MAC address ( 00:00:00:0D:11:D4 )

You can know this information as following :
You will know all this information by using this command ( ifconfig -a )

The Magical file here named as " dhcpd.conf "
All work will be with this file " dhcpd.conf " ---> /etc/dhcpd.conf
You can before we start working with dhcpd.conf you can check a sample start up script for the DHCP server.
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.X/dhcpd.conf.sample
This file have every thing about DHCP configuration
We can do a tip ,
for easy configuration the file we can copy the sample file to /etc/dhcpd.conf
Using the following command
cp -f /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.X/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf
then open and modify the /etc/dhcpd.conf this will be easiest to configure
To run DHCP server it's so sample but you should to have background about networking specially ip range

lets start explain what inside the /etc/dhcpd.conf file and how to understand the file
The script will be written as follow

The ddns-update-style parameter
ddns-update-style style;
The style parameter must be one of ad-hoc, interim or none.
The ddns-update-style statement is only meaningful in the outer scope it is evaluated once after reading the dhcpd.conf file,
rather than each time a client is assigned an IP address, so there is no way to use different DNS update styles for different clients.


ddns-update-style none;
ddns-updates off;
option T150 code 150 = string;
deny client-updates;
one-lease-per-client false;
allow bootp;


subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.254; # Range of IP addresses to be issued to DHCP clients
interface eth1; #Assign the ethernet eth1 to be the ethernet who connected to LAN
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; # Default subnet mask to be used by DHCP clients
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; # Default broadcast address to be used by DHCP clients

option routers 192.168.1.1; # Default gateway to be used by DHCP clients
option domain-name "your-domain.org"; #Here to assign a domain name if you have
option domain-name-servers 40.175.42.254, 40.175.42.253; # Default DNS to be used by DHCP clients
option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.100; # Specify a WINS server for MS/Windows clients.
# (Optional. Specify if used on your network)

# DHCP requests are not forwarded. Applies when there is more than one ethernet device and forwarding is configured.
# option ipforwarding off;

default-lease-time 21600; # Amount of time in seconds that a client may keep the IP address
max-lease-time 43200;

option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
# option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1; # Default NTP server to be used by DHCP clients
# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless you understand Netbios very well
# option netbios-node-type 2;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# We want the nameserver "ns1" to appear at a fixed address.
# Name server with this specified MAC address will receive this IP.

host ns1 {
next-server ns2.your-domain.com;
hardware ethernet 00:02:c3:d0:e5:83;
fixed-address 40.175.42.254;
}

# Laser printer obtains IP address via DHCP. This assures that the
# printer with this MAC address will get this IP address every time.

host wkstn1 {
hardware ethernet 00:00:00:0D:11:D4;
fixed-address 192.168.1.1;
}
}

---------------
Each bit of information a DHCP server leases to a client is known as an "option."
Some options are considered to be "global," meaning that each DHCP client in the local network will receive that option as part of their lease.
Some options are should to be in the same ip range such as subnet.
subnet 192.168.1.0
For example, the option for the IP address of the default gateway Shold to be as ip range in the local network
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
as a default gateway must live on the same subnet as the client.
the options are considered to be "global,"
option domain-name-servers 40.175.42.254, 40.175.42.253;
as every computer in the network will share the same domain name and will use the same DNS servers.
option domain-name "your-domain.org";

Some DHCP client software requests a lease time.
the server will assign the lease with the
default-lease-time 21600;
But only up to the
max-lease-time 43200;
Both values are in seconds.

This option allow DHCP server to write all of its logging events to the system log file, or /var/log/messages.
log-facility local7;
local7 refers to a locally defined log file


Now we get to the meat of this file, the "subnet declarations." A DHCP server needs to know which network or subnet IDs your network contains.
Additionally, for each network or subnet, it needs to know which "pool" of addresses it is allowed to lease out to the devices on that segment of the network.
It is helpful to sketch out your network ahead of time, so you know which addresses are available for DHCP clients and which addresses are unavailable because they are already statically assigned.
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}

But here we have a case if we needn't to write all of that
We here have a minimum script to run your DHCP server as well as you need

ddns-update-style none;
ddns-updates off;
option T150 code 150 = string;
deny client-updates;
one-lease-per-client false;
allow bootp;

lease-file-name "/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases";
authoritative;

default-lease-time 86400; # 24 hours
max-lease-time 172800; # 48 hours

host wkstn1 {
hardware ethernet 00:00:00:0D:11:D4;
fixed-address 172.1.1.5;
}
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
interface eth1;
range 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.254;
option routers 192.168.1.100;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2 , 192.168.1.1;
}


Hope i success to share my information as well
Please if you have any note about my article You can welcome asking me
Note: all this configuration is based of Fedora
references
http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2003/05/01/FreeBSD_Basics.html?page=1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhcp
http://www.dhcp.org/
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/DHCP-Server.html

Thank you
Sherif Sayed

HowTo Gateway your Linux machine

Dear IsmailiaLUG,

How are you ... ?

At this days i configure a server(Ofcours Fedora)
The services it should to run is (Gateway,DHCP,DNS,Samba,HTTP,Database)
And in the time i configure this services i'll write howto RUN this services

All i just finished of this services is the Gateway
So that let's start with Gateway machine
The target of gateway here is to make your LAN client connect to the Internet throw your machine

First you need two physical Ethernet in your machine
One of them will connect to ISP and the other one will connect to LAN

eth0 #Connect to your LAN
eth1 #connect to Your modem (ISP)

Now your machine connected to ISP throw eth1
And you have your LAN clients connected to you throw eth0

All we need now is FORWARD packets from LAN (eth0) to World wild(ISP) and back throw my machine
This mation can done by iptables because as you see we need to FORWARD packets from eth0 eth1 to and back

Basically we need to have two sets of rules
*Allow outgoing packets from the LAN (via eth0)
*Allow established connections to return

Note:
I'll explain here each rule of gateway only i'll ignore any other cases
The command starts with iptables ,Be careful don't copy the rule line number

# Always accept loop back traffic it's safe
1- iptables -t filter -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

# Allow established connections, and those not coming from the outside
2- iptables -t filter -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
3- iptables -t filter -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -i ! eth1 -j ACCEPT

1- iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT


# Allow outgoing connections from the LAN side.
2 -iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT


# Masquerade.
1 - iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE


And after you enter this rules in iptables run this commend
/etc/init.d/iptables save
Or
iptables-save

Then run this commend for enable routing.
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

#This's the explain of the iptables commends

iptables -t filter -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
Accept all connections (traffic) come from localhost


iptables -t filter -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
Accept all connection that they status is ESTABLISHED or RELATED
ESTABLISHED and RELATED means the connection requested from my machine and the answer of the request is RELATED or ESTABLISHED connection


iptables -t filter -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -i ! eth1 -j ACCEPT
Accept all NEW connection that not come from eth1

iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
Accept any ESTABLISHED or RELATED connection that come World wild to eth1 and forward it to eth0

iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT
Accept any connection come from eth0 forwarded to eth1

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE
MASQUERADE eth1
Source Network Address is eth1
rewrite the Source address in the header of the packet
Forwarding all packets going out from our local network(eth0) to the World Wild (eth1) of the Internet connection.


Note About masquerade :
masquerade target is used only in POSTROUTING chain in nat table
masquerade target as snat target but with a little difference
to use snat you should to have a static ip address
But with masquerade does not require any ip address
masquerade made for working with dynamic ip address

Note:
The all this configured under Fedora distribution

Some references:
http://iptables-tutorial.frozentux.net/iptables-tutorial.html#NATINTRO

http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch-gateway.en.html

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-networking-3/gateway-problems-on-fedora-c6-533657/

http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/23
---
Please if you need to ask any thing about gateway you can write me back
Wait for me in DHCP
Thank you
Sherif Sayed

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لينكس الشامل : الباب الاول

الباب الاول : المقدمه الي لينكس
يتكون هذا الباب من خمسه فصول استعرض فيها المؤلف المقدمه لهذا العالم العجيب
عالم جنو/ لينكس
بدأ الفصل الاول بحديث عن الملكيه الفكريهو كيف ان مبدأ لينكس هو حريه التفكير, كما بيَن ان الالفلسفة القائله ان الملكيه الفكريه تحفز الابداع كما استعرض الفلسفة الاخري القائله ان الابداع و الخيال و الملكيه الفكريه هي امور لا يمكن تفريقها ليكونا كيان المبدع الحالي كما ناقش حسب رأيه استفدات قطاع الصناعه من نظام مثل لينكس و انه يعمل علي التطوير من خلال فتح الافق و الغاء احتكار التفكير علي الكيانات التجاريه العالميه و التي تسعي ليس لشئ سوي الربح
و في نهايه هذا الجزء الفلسفي و الفلسفات المغالطة لنظام "جنو"

وفي رأيي الشخصي أن المؤلف هنا قد استطرد في الحديث بعيد عن المجال التقني لموضوع الكتاب, و هذا لا يعاب عليه انما اضيف هذا الجزء للقارئ كي يلم بهذه المعلومات التي قد لا تفيد علي المستوي التقني الذي قد ينشده القارئ.

و أخيراً ينتهي الفصل الي نتيجه أن:
"جنو تهدف الي: لا نريد ملكيه فكريه ولا مالكين لحقوق النسخ"

الفصل الثاني: ما هو نظام لينكس؟؟
يستهل السعدي هذا الفصل بتعريف الهاكرز "hackers"
و يفرق بينهم و بين كراكر حيث يصف يصف الهاكرز بأنهم اسخاص خارقوا الذكاء منهم من احترف الرياضيات او كانت هوايته كتابه الاكواد فكان قادراً علي حل المشكلات الصعبه لذا سمي بخارق.
بينما الكراكر هو السارق المخرب
و أن الالتباس الواقع هنا لابد من تصحيحه.

يأتي بعدها بتعريف نظام التشغيل العجوز يونكس و حركه البرمجيات الحرة و جنو
و كيف بدأ لينوس ترافولدز بتطوير لينكس منذ عام 1991 حتي اصداره عام 1994 و كيف تم تطوير النظم حتي وصل لما هو عليه الان
يلي هذا ذكر المميزات التي يتمتع بها لينكس و الادوات المرافقه له و مقارنه بين أنظمه لينكس و يونكس


الفصل الثالث : الصدمه التكنولوجيه

يأتي الفصل الثالث هو الاخر مكملاً للنظريه الخاصة بأنظمه لينكس و قد استطرد في السعد حيث تحدث عن ما اسماه "الصدمه التكنولوجيه "و كما يقول المؤلف: نحضرك للصدمه قبل دخول بلاد العجائب
و يناقش كيف استطاع اللينكس الدمج بين عالمين هما هما عالم الاجهزة الكبيرة و الانظمه الضخمه بالاضافه لعالم مستخدمي لينكس العاديين ووضح ان هذا العملاق الصغير استطاع ان يوفر بيئه مشابهه لبيئه يونكس لكنها رخيصة جداً عن يونكس العجوز
و استشهد بهذا ما حدث من وكاله الامن القومي الامريكي التي تحولت ﻷستخدام لينكس في الوقت الحالي.

الفصل الرابع :اختيار توزيعه لينكس

يبدأ السعدي في هذا الفصل اولي الخطوات العمليه الي لينكس و هو اختيلر التوزيعه
و التوزيعه هي ذوق خاص لكل فرد له حريه الاختيار حسب الذوق.
و قد صنف التوزيعات كما يلي:
1- التوزيعات العربيه
2- التوزيعات الرئيسه
3- التوزيعات الموجهه للخبراء
4- التوزيعات المباشرة (لايف)
5- أدوات الأدوات البناء و التوزيعات المصدريه
6- توزيعات الاهداف الخاصه


الفصل الخامس : تنصيب لينكس

بعد اختيار التوزيعه يأتي الدور علي تركيب النسخه. و قد استعرض طريقه التركيب عموماً ﻷي توزيعه
ثم يتخصص بتنصيب التوزيعات الرئيسه و هي
Mandrake, RedHat, Debian, Slackware

و أخيراً معلومات يمكن الاستعانه بها اذا واجهتك أي مشكله اثناء التركيب
ثم فصل التمارين.

أتمني أن أكون قد قدمت تلخيص للمقدمه و الباب الاول
استودعكم الله و الي لقاء في المقال التالي.

Discover your Boot loader "Configure - Restore - Remove"

there are several ways to boot Linux But the most common method involve booting from hard drive.
To boot Linux you'll need a boot loader (Grub - Lilo) we'll talk about Grub

grub boot loader read its configuration from file located in

/boot/grub/grub.conf <----- main file
/boot/grub/menu.lst <----- symbolic link to the first file
/etc/grub.conf <----- symbolic link to the first file

NOTE : in other distributions like SUSE it use the menu.lst as main file and grub.conf is a simpolic link to it.

the file content as fellow :

default=0
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/bootsplash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu

title Fedora (2.6.22.9-91.fc7)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.22.9-91.fc7 ro root=/dev/sda3
initrd /initrd- 2.6.22.9-91.fc7.img

title Windows
chainloader (hd0,1)+1
======================
default=0
Choose the Default system to auto boot 0 = first in menu, 1 = second

timeout=10
time in seconds to automate boot the default system

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/bootsplash.xpm.gz
back ground image of the grub

hiddenmenu
hide the systems menu

title Fedora (2.6.22.9-91.fc7)
title of your first system

root (hd0,0)
used to define where is your /boot

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.22.9-91.fc7 ro root=/dev/sda3 quit
kernel define kernel file to boot it
root define the partition that your Linux system located
quite hide many messages from the users

title Windows
title of your Second system

chainloader (hd0,1)+1
partition which your Windows system

=============================================
Restore the Grub Menu after a Re-Install Windows :
=============================================

1. Boot from a Live CD, like Ubuntu Live, Knoppix, Mepis, or your rescue CD.

2. Open a Terminal. Go SuperUser (that is, type "su"). Enter root passwords as necessary.

3. Type "grub" which makes a GRUB prompt appear.

4. Type "root (hd0,0)". hd0 =my hdd , 0 is the partition which my /boot/ is exist

5. Normaly Type "setup (hd0)".if you want to write GRUB to the MBR.

If you want to write it to your linux root partition, then you want the number after the comma, such as "(hd0,3)".

7. Type "quit".
8. Restart the system. Remove the bootable CD.

============ Alternate method ===================
Boot your system using your Fedora Core Rescue disc .
When you get to the command prompt type:

• chroot /mnt/sysimage
  
• grub-install /dev/hda
  

Now just hit Ctrl+D twice and your system should reboot. Once your system reboots you should see the GRUB menu.

That's it!!! You're done.

======================================================
Remove the Grub to use only your windows system " Enjoy the viruses"
======================================================

in windows XP
1. Boot your windows CD
2. Choose repair
3. Choose your system
4. login as admin
5. Type "fixmbr"
5. reboot your system &amp; enjoy the unstabiity

in windows 9x/Me
1. type "fdisk / mbr "

============ resources ==============
http://www.sorgonet.com/linux/grubrestore/
http://fedoranews.org/contributors/bob_kashani/grub/
http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-24113.html
http://www.whoopis.com/howtos/howto_restore_mbr_grub.php

Configure Your Network

To configure your network you need to be root by using the su command
also you need some information about your network like

your IP, subnet mask , DNS IP , Gateway IP

NOTE : our common networks use its routers as DNS & GateWay in the same time
but some ISP provide it's own DNS.

in this article we will use the fellowing data as example :

IP : 192.168.1.200
SUBMASK : 255.255.255.0
GATEWAY : 192.168.1.1

DNS : 192.168.1.1 <---- your ISP may provide you with other IP

===============================
We will need to edit 2 files :

1. network card configration file : /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
2. DNS configration file : /etc/resolv.conf

===============================
Frist : Edit Network configartion file
===============================
using the command :

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

enter the fellowing lines :
IPADDR=192.168.1.200
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

the change the fellowing line to :

BOOTPROTO=none <---- "if not exist create it" so your file maybe like the image

then save & exit
===============================
Second : Edit DNS configration file
===============================
vi /etc/resolv.conf

enter the fellowing line

nameserver 192.168.1.1

NOTE : every line have one DNS IP and you may add mor than one like the fellowing image i add 3 DNS servers

then save & exit.

to changes take effect you must restart your network deamon

/etc/init.d/network restart


Configration is done use your browser& Visit out group & have fun :)

Fedora Overview

If you want information about this system i advice to visit this links it'll answer most of your questions in a Q/A way "simple but efective "

1. Fedora Overview
2. Fedora Release Notes
3. Fedora Frequently Asked Questions
4. The Unofficial Fedora FAQ <-------- Good One

from
fedora user :)

Share folders to windows users " SAMBA server"

STEP 1: Enable Network Connectivity to the SAMBA Server

Using the Fedora Network Configuration tool you will need to ensure that the ethernet card is enabled and properly functioning. Get quick access to the tool through this command: system-config-network

Once in the Network Configuration tool, you should ensure that your ethernet device is enabled. If it is not, select the eth device and then click on the Edit button. This will allow you to input the vital network adapter settings including: statically set IP address, subnet mask, and gateway. You should also select the top checkbox labeled Activate device when computer starts.

Close and save any changes you've made. The main goal is to ensure you have an ACTIVE and functioning network card on the SAMBA server.

Restart the network services or simply reboot your SAMBA server. Now try a ping to the server from another PC on the same subnet. At a command prompt, for example, type: ping 192.168.1.200

The ping should come back good validating your network connection. If you need more Linux system administration help read my Admin Commands List.


STEP 2: Enable SMB Services

the SMB daemon and other core services are usually NOT started by default. You will need to change this so that your SMB daemon is now started.

Using the GUI from the main menu, go to System Settings, then Server Settings, then choose Services. You can also get to this using the command: system-config-services

While you're looking over this long list of services, please DISABLE things you know for sure you do not need to run on this SAMBA server. For instance apmd, isdn, etc. But also ensure that key services such as SMB are selected and RUNNING. Select SMB and press the Start button. If it is supposedly already running you can press the Restart button to be sure it is indeed running correctly now.

Now press the Save button to make sure the configuration changes have been saved for future restarts.

Sometimes using the GUI just does not properly restart the SMB daemon. In such odd cases, I want to suggest you force a manual restart from the command line with this command:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart

STEP 3: Create Server Users & Directories

You will need to ensure that people also have a login to the SAMBA server to do their work. Logins should be provided on an as needed basis. Obviously, in most cases the users accessing the SAMBA server will be a subset of the total users on the Windows business network.

Create user logins with the Gnome User Manager tool in Fedora. You can find this from the main menu by choosing System Settings, then Users & Groups. The command for this is:
system-config-users

Notice this is the first step in creating SAMBA users, which comes later.

Add as many users as you need and then move on to the next part, which is creating directories (aka. folders) for use.

This is such an obvious step most people usually forget to think about it before hand. However, it is very helpful to think ahead what directories you will allow access to on the SAMBA Server for business use. In my case the people needing SAMBA server access will be updating webpages. Therefore, I do not need to add any other folders for file sharing or group interaction. Be sure you add any folders in a reasonable and ordered fashion.


STEP 4: Configure the SAMBA Server

It's time to configure your SAMBA server to allow others on the intranet to login and use the server from Windows or Linux PCs.

From the main Fedora menu, choose System Settings, then Server Settings, then Samba. You can also get to this tool by typing the command:
system-config-samba

You are about to make changes to the SAMBA Configuration file called smb.conf. This file is found under /etc/samba.

A. Begin by Making Changes to the Server Settings

Under the Preference menu item choose Server Settings...

Be sure to include the Windows workgroup name. In the example above the workgroup has been changed to net. Your situation may be different. In many cases naming the workgroup simply workgroup is fine, so long as your Windows PCs connect to this same name.

Under this same window, click on the Security tab. It comes by default with the appropriate settings for a basic SAMBA Server. The Authentication mode should be User. You would need to change this only if you plan to allow logins based on the Microsoft ADS.

NOTCE : If you make it Share it allow users view your shared folders without login <---- Insecure :) Press OK to finish making basic changes to the server. B. Select SAMBA Users Under the Preference menu item choose Samba Users In this window you must Add at least one user who will have access to the SAMBA Server. Notice that only user accounts you created in step 3 should be added to this listing.

Press the Add User button, then from the pull down select a user. Fill out the additional information needed for this SAMBA user. Press OK when finished.

C. Adding A Shared Folder

Under the SAMBA Server Configuration window, you must create at least one SAMBA share directory.

Press the Add button and then the Browse button. Now choose a folder you wish to make available to SAMBA users. Be careful, some folders have permissions settings that do not allow sharing. Now be sure to select the Read/Write option to allow people full access. Don't press OK yet!

You should see your shared folder appear under the listing as shown in the example above.

D. Adding Users

In the same window, select the second tab labeled Access. From here choose the first option labeled Only allow access to specific users and select the users you wish to give access to this specific SAMBA shared folder. Press OK when finished.

You can repeat steps C and D for each new shared folder.

Once completed, please choose File from the menu then choose Quit.

STEP 5: Restart the SAMBA Services

Now you need to restart all SAMBA services. You can use the process found in Step 3, except press the Restart button or use the word restart instead of the word start.

STEP 6: Access the SAMBA Server from Windows

You're now ready to fully utilize your new intranet SAMBA Server for work. On any Windows PC you can access the server by simply going to the main Start menu, choosing Run and typing in the hostname of your SAMBA server. For example: \\linuxserver

Please notice that in the Windows environment you use different slashes and you need to ensure this syntax.

If this does not work, perhaps if the server is not yet included in your DNS, try accessing the SAMBA Server through its IP address: \\192.168.1.200

Obviously you need to use an actual hostname or IP address and not my example.

If all works well you should instantly see a SERVER LOGIN window. Now login using a SAMBA created username.

You should then instantly see the shared folder as well as the individual user's personal folder that exist on the SAMBA Server.

Congratulations, you're done.

Linux swap space

When your computer needs to run programs that are bigger than your available physical memory, most modern operating systems use a technique called swapping, in which chunks of memory are temporarily stored on the hard disk while other data is moved into physical memory space. Here are some techniques that may help you better manage swapping on Linux systems and get the best performance from the Linux swapping subsystem.
Complete The Article

openSUSE 10.3 Installation

Linux installation has never been this simple. Even Linux novices can install openSUSE 10.3 in a few easy steps:

1. Language Selection
After you insert the first DVD of openSUSE 10.3 into your machine, the graphical installation tool YaST will launch. Select your preferred language from the list that appears.

2. Installation Mode

After you accept the end-user license agreement, YaST checks your hard disk. If you already have installed an older version of openSUSE, YaST asks you whether you want to update your system or make a new installation. If you have an older version of openSUSE installed, choosing "Update" will preserve your existing files. Choosing "New Installation" will erase your existing work.

To offer you the full set of software available "Add online respository" is selected by default. This will add our ftp tree to the installation sources and provides numerous additional software packages for literally any needs.

3. Desktop Selection
After setting or accepting the suggested time zone, you need to choose your preferred desktop environment, KDE or GNOME. Both have elegant, modern GUI interfaces and use state-of-the-art default applications for general-productivity tasks. If you want to try out both interfaces, you can. For now, choose one and later, in the installed system, you can install the other one. Then, you can easily switch between GNOME and KDE each time you log into the system. It's easy.

4. Installation Settings
YaST automatically checks your system and presents you with an installation proposal; to see more details of the installation settings that YaST has recommended, choose the expert mode. If you wish, you can easily install additional applications or change the settings. When you're satisfied with your choices, simply click Accept.

5. Password for System Administrator "root"
Linux protects your system by leaving many configuration options accessible only via a special Administrator ID and password. You will use your computer as a standard user, but to install or modify programs or important settings, you will have to log in as the "Root User." When you are operating as a standard user, you are better protected from harmful programs.

6. Network Configuration

The next step is the configuration of the Internet connection. Network cards, modems, ISDN cards and DSL devices are automatically detected. An extensive list of preconfigured ISPs facilitates the configuration of your Internet provider.

7. Online update configuration
During the installation, we recommend that you update your system with the online update service. This assures that all available updates and patches are conduct on your computer and your system is up to date.

8. User Authentification Method
Just before installation completes, openSUSE offers you the choice between a standalone system and a network system. Newcomers can simply confirm the default setting "Standalone System" by pressing the Next button, while experienced users can select their preferred user login methods for network use. On standalone systems you will be prompted to create a user ID.

9. Release Notes
Just before the installation finishes, the release notes are displayed. This is important information about openSUSE that became known shortly before the development process was completed and could not be included in the documentation.

10. Hardware Configuration
openSUSE will configure now the remaining system hardware. Usually, all components—including the graphics card, TV card, sound card, printer, scanner and monitor—are automatically detected and merely need to be confirmed. Of course, experienced users can use YaST for fine tuning.

11. openSUSE greeter
Finally the openSUSE greeter provides more information about the openSUSE project, the openSUSE Build Service and offers a direct link to community support possibilities. The susegreeter has an icon on the desktop—so you can easily look at this useful information again at a later stage.

========================= resources ========================

http://www.novell.com/products/opensuse/installation.html

لينكس الشامل : ابدأ لينكس من هنا

قبل البدء:-
السلام عليكم و رحمه الله و بركاته و تحيه طيبه للجميع
أبدأ اليوم بإذن الله اول سلسله نقاش علي المدونه و سوفأتحدث فيها عن كتاب أعتبره من أفضل الكتب العربيه في مجال التكنولوجيا و خاصه لينكس, لمؤلفه أ.مؤيد صالح السعدي
و قبل البدء أري ان ما يلي يجب ذكره.
ما يجب ذكره قبل البدء:-
في هذه السلسله سوف استعرض الكتاب و محتواه دون ابداء أي رأي شخصي فيه ,
(أي ان الرأي الوارد ذكره هنا هو رأي المؤلف)
و في نهايه السلسله سوف نستعرض رأيي السخصي بالاضافه لبعض الاراء التي كتعليقات علي الحلقات.
الشامل ,تجربه عربيه جديدة:-
يعد كتاب الشامل تجميع لعده مقالات لمؤلف الكتاب و محتواه أو كما يقول المؤلف
"بعد أن كتبت عده مقالات حول لينكس وجدت أنها قد تشكل بدايه لكتاب جيد."
و هكذا بدأ كتاب لينكس الشامل
الكتاب متاح مجاناً علي موقع

www.cltp.net

و هو خاضع لرخصة الجي بي ال
أي أنك لك حق التوزيع و النشر دون الاتجار فيه أو الاقتباس منه دون تضمين اسم المؤلفو يمكن مراسله المؤلف علي بريده الالكتروني هنا و ما سبق ليس سوي احقاقا للمؤلف

المزيد عن الشامل:-
يعد الكتاب من أفضل الكتب العربيه (ان لم يكن الوحيد) و الذي يناقش نظام التشغيل مفتوح المصدر و من مميزاته ما يلي:
1- الكتاب باللغة العربيه (قد يعتبره البعض عيب ,اقرأوا و سوفيتبين لكم ذلك!)
2- كتاب مفتوح المصدر اي لا يباع و حقوق نشره مفتوحه.
3- لا يفترض منك أي خبره مسبقة.
4- يغطي كافه مراحل العمل علي النظام.
5- غني التمثله و الصور و الجداول.

الكتاب مكون من 8 أبواب بلاضافه الي جزء الملحقات, و كل باب ينتهي بالتمارين علي هذا الباب لتأكيد الافاده
و سوف نلحق هذه الحلقات بحلقات التعليق علي الكتاب نستعرض فيهم كل باب

انتظروني الحلقه الحلقة الجايه
"المقدمه و الباب الاول"
السلام عليكم